What characterizes Criterion-Referenced State Tests?

• A. They compare performance against a standard to pass
• B. They compare performance to a reference group
• C. They measure growth over time
• D. They require only a portfolio submission

Answer: (A)

Criterion-referenced state tests measure whether a student has demonstrated mastery of defined standards. They are scored against fixed criteria with a clear passing threshold, so success means meeting or exceeding those standards rather than ranking relative to other students. This focus on fixed criteria distinguishes them from norm-referenced tests, which compare performance to a reference group, and from assessments that track growth over time or use portfolio-based formats. So, the defining feature is that performance is judged against a standard to pass.